However, the degree of alignment of the eye has to be evaluated by using some of the following diagnostic tests and exams: The retina is the light-sensitive membrane lining the inner eyeball. This form could be classically divided into the following categories: This type of eye crossing is not responsive to glasses as opposed to the accommodative form. Common types of strabismus are esotropia, exotropia, and hypertropia. Accommodative Esotropia. Esotropia is an eye misalignment in which one eye is deviated inward, or nasally. We also share information about your use of our site with our social media, advertising and analytics partners. An eye patch is placed on the normal eye for compelling the other one to function properly. For a baby who has had esotropia for just a few months, the chance of treating it is much higher. Some suggest prism adaption with Fresnel prisms prior to surgery. The over-convergence associated with the extra accommodation required to overcome a hyperopic refractive error can precipitate a loss of binocular control and lead to the development of esotropia.[4]. The over-convergence associated with the accommodation to overcome a hyperopic refractive error can cause a loss of binocular control and lead to the development of esotropia. In older patients with good compliance and stable ocular alignment over time, less frequent follow up is required. Single vision spectacles are used in most cases and have been shown to control the esotropia in two-thirds of cases. Three of the twelve cranial nerves (III, IV, VI) are responsible for eye movement can be weak or palsied and cause strabismus. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001999/, http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1198784-overview. The Optometrists Network is the most visited online platform for evidence-based research and up to date clinical management of eyecare. Older children and adults that acquire esotropia can develop: diplopia (double vision) decreased binocular vision (the ability of the eyes to work together) depth perception issues Accommodative esotropia is one of the most common types of strabismus in childhood. Strabismus types. Developing amblyopia or a lazy eye a condition that involves one eye receiving weaker brain signals, subsequently causing it to become 'lazy' in response. Non-refractive accommodative esotropia consists of a high accommodative convergence:accommodation (AC/A) ratio. As the patient accommodates or focuses the eyes, the eyes converge. The condition can develop after infancy and typically occurs in patients aged 2-5 years. Esotropia is inward turning of the eyes (aka "crossed eyes"). Moreover, the presence of anisometropic hyperopia, which is farsightedness with an unequal refractive error in both eyes, further increases the risk of the child developing strabismus and amblyopia. Follow up should be done as appropriate on a case-by-case basis monitoring for amblyopia and assessment of ocular alignment and binocular visual development. This is because delaying treatment only makes their eyes more liable to develop more serious eye conditions at a later stage. Where the degree of hyperopia is large, the child may not be able to produce clear vision no matter how much extra-accommodation is exerted and thus no incentive exists for the over-accommodation and convergence that can give rise to the onset of esotropia. The aim is to strengthen the eye muscles to correct the binocular deficiency.